D Chieng et al, 2022. The impact of coffee subtypes on incident cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and mortality: long-term outcomes from the UK Biobank, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, published online.
Methods and results: Coffee subtypes were defined as decaffeinated, ground, and instant, then divided into 0, 5 cups/day, and compared with non-drinkers. Cardiovascular disease included coronary heart disease, cardiac failure, and ischaemic stroke.…
www.coffeeandscience.org/health/research/d-chieng-et-al-2022-the-impact-of-coffee-subtypes-on-incident-cardiovascular-disease-arrhythmias-and-mortality-long-term-outcomes-from-the-uk-biobank-european-journal-of-preventive-cardiology-published-online